When you’ve already traveled the 250 miles of the Dalton Highway to get from Fairbanks to Toolik twice, you should know what to expect, right? Think again.

    The Night Before

    The night I arrived in Fairbanks, I popped over to Fred Meyer to pick up some snacks for the 6-8 hour drive up to Toolik. If you’ve never been to a Fred Meyer, you’re missing out. Picture a store that has a little of everything: a little Target, a little Wal-Mart, a little Cabela’s (or similar outdoor store), a little Whole Foods (fantastic cheese counter) and a lot of regular grocery store. Back at my first orientation in 2013, one of our teachers, Tom Lane, missed it so much that he strapped on a pair of cross country skis and headed over there in the cold February evening for some trail mix. True story.

    Bug Dope
    Fred's does not want you to get bitten this summer.

    The Trip Begins

    Saturday morning, I met Becky Hewitt in the parking lot of my hotel and readied myself to pick up the rest of our team – or so I thought. After I threw my pack in the truck, Becky told me that we had a MAJOR problem – the windshield wipers on the truck were broken. While this might not seem like a big deal on a sunny, cloudless day, if you’ve ever driven on muddy, back roads for more than 15 minutes, you know that it is. The Haul Road is muddy, dusty, dirty, rocky – and is populated by giant 18 wheelers hauling materials back and forth from the oil fields at Prudhoe Bay to Fairbanks. As if the trucks weren’t bad enough, the weather along the road can be unpredictable – it snowed last week.

    Needless to say – we weren’t going anywhere unless the truck was fixed. Thankfully, a mechanic from University of Alaska, Fairbanks (where the truck was rented from) was on call and able to get the truck’s wipers fixed – in the end, we were only delayed an hour or so.

    Just wiggle it.
    The helpful UAF mechanic fixes our windshield wipers.

    The Science Truck

    Now we were ready to pick up a few more scientists for the 6-8 hour drive up the Dalton. While Michelle wasn’t able to make this trip at the last minute, there were 3 other researchers in our truck: Dr. David McGuire, Dr. Helene Genet and Dr. Lee Taylor. The great thing about climate research (and a lot of scientific research) is that it is an extremely collaborative science. Many of the experiments done at Toolik have implications for other research done throughout the Arctic, and scientists freely share ideas and data.

    I wish that I could have captured some of the conversations that were happening on our drive up to Toolik. ClimateThe average weather over a particular region of the Earth. Climate originates in recurring weather phenomenon that result from specific types of atmospheric circulation. science, like any content area in science, is complex. Sure – there is a large question – how will the Arctic respond as our global temperature warms – but there are so many tiny little questions embedded in that larger one. The “Arctic” is a complex ecosystem – one swath of tundra has thousands of biotic factors and just as many abiotic factors. One scientist can’t study it all, which is why the 4 scientists in the truck were bouncing ideas and questions off of each other for the entire ride. Conversations ranged from permafrost to symbiotic relationships between plants and fungi to DNA analysis of those same fungi. The ride up the Dalton went quickly (well, not that quick – it was still over 6 hours) and before I knew it, we were crossing the Brooks Range at Atigun Pass.

    If you have the time, check out this awesome timelapse video PolarTREC teachers Lauren Watel and Regina Brinker made in 2014. If you don’t have the time – skip to minute 7:45 to see the Brooks Range and the high Arctic tundra!

    Toolik – 3 Years Later

    As we rolled into Toolik Field Station, much had stayed the same and much had changed. The biggest difference I noticed was the color of the tundra. I was arriving only about 2 weeks after I had been here 3 years ago, but the hills were covered in beautiful ambers and reds, rather than the vibrant green during my last visit.

    July 2013
    Early July 2013 at Toolik Field Station

    August 2016
    Mid August 2016 at Toolik Field Station

    I’m glad to be back.

    Author
    Date
    Location
    Toolik Field Station
    Expedition
    Weather Summary
    Cloudy, foggy, rainy
    Temperature
    41 F

    Comments

    Susan Steiner

    Any journal that starts with the experience of Fred Meyers is going to catch my eye, haha! Glad they got your windshield wipers working and off you went. Wow, what a great photograph to contrast the green of July with the hues of August, you can get your fall on!

    Kevin A.

    It's great that you get to do so much exploring during your summer, I'm stuck at home (but at least I have my pokemon go). Also do you by any chance know what may have caused the colors of the tundra to shift from vibrant greens to some reddish browns?

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Susan!
    It's so neat to be back at Toolik at a different time of year (which is crazy, since it's only a few weeks later and technically still summer). I am loving the lack of mosquitoes! The colors are absolutely breathtaking, although the colder days definitely make me yearn for the bright green tundra of July! I really do miss Fred Meyer's though!

    Thanks for reading!

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Kevin,
    Great question about the color change! Do you remember when we learned about phenology this year? We discussed how animals and plants have a natural cycle - we used the example of oak trees feeding caterpillars, which are then fed upon by migrating birds - and how cyclic shifts can have a cascade effect on the entire ecosystem. Right now, the tundra plants are preparing for winter and going through senescence (aging and death) just like the leaves on trees in Chicago go through - changing colors. What is actually happening is that the main pigment of leaves (cholorphyll) is decreasing and other pigments (carotenoids) are increasing, so that the plant can shift away from photosynthesis (since the hours of sunlight are decreasing) and focus their energies on storing nutrients. You can think of leaves changing colors sort of like bears fattening up before the hibernate for the winter. I hope you remember this when we talk about photosynthesis in Biology this year!

    Makayla Idelburg

    i really enjoyed the time-lapse video of your trip. The changes in scenery were truly beautiful! In your journal "The Science Truck" you mentioned how the conversations you guys had were full of great ideas and questions which could help answer the main question of how climate change affects the Arctic. In the end, were you able to come up with a general idea or hypothesis of what the answer might be based on your ideas.

    Makayla Idelburg

    In the end, were you able to come up with a general idea or hypothesis of what the answer might be based on your ideas?*there should have been a question mark at the end.

    Mark Buesing

    What is a rough guess on the number of major bridges along that portion of the Dalton Hwy?

    Elijah looper

    Their are fungi in the arctic,what type?

    Elijah looper

    since its been 3 years since you've been their what effects did you see that global warming had their.

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Makayla,
    Scientists already have their hypothesis formulated before they ever head out in the field - you can't design an experiment without figuring out what you are testing! The conversations in the truck were more about future research or what could happen if this experiment generates a certain type of data and also just background information to increase understanding about some aspects of this research. Remember that scientists are often specialists in certain areas (for example, one of the scientists knows a lot about the DNA/genetics of fungi while another knows about the formation of tundra soils) so having conversations like this are important to learn whole the entire ecosystem works together.

    Nell Kemp

    I honestly have no idea - to focused on all the science talk that was happening to even look at the scenery this trip! Remind me before the return trip and I will count them for you!

    Nell Kemp

    So many kinds of fungi! I am going to ask the researchers your question and hopefully get a video of them answering it for you - stay tuned!

    Jordan Beasley

    Do you think that the color change is a result of climate change? Also, do you think the change in the color will result in any outliers or strange things to occur in your study? I feel like the brighter, reddish color will somehow affect the outcomes of your experiment.

    Olivia Jackson

    How often do the colors of the tundra change? I noticed in the first photo the tundra was bright green in 2013 yet the second photo shows reddish-brown tundra in 2016 three years later... Is this the first change in the color of the tundra here or does it happen multiple times (per year)?

    Nell Kemp

    The changing color of the tundra is completely natural - just like the leaves change in Chicago in the fall. Plants that lose their foliage (leaves) during the winter (deciduous plants) all go through this stage in the fall (called senescence). Since there a fewer hours of sunlight, the plants photosynthesize less and therefore do not need as much chlorophyll (which is the pigment that gives plants their green color) as they did in the middle of summer. Other pigments (called carotenoids) help the plant to get ready for winter (sort of like packing on fat to hibernate) and still allow them to photosynthesize. This seasonal color change is mostly driven by sunlight (and maybe air temperature) so it doesn’t seem as if climate change would have a huge impact on it.
    Since we are mostly studying the roots of plants (rather than their colored leaves), the color should have no impact – but great that you are thinking about how small variations can alter an experiment!

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Olivia,
    As I explained to Jordan in my comment above, the color change happens every year, just like it does in the fall in Chicago. This is a completely natural process, here’s my response to Jordan:

    Plants that lose their foliage (leaves) during the winter (deciduous plants) all go through this stage in the fall (called senescence). Since there a fewer hours of sunlight, the plants photosynthesize less and therefore do not need as much chlorophyll (which is the pigment that gives plants their green color) as they did in the middle of summer. Other pigments (called carotenoids) help the plant to get ready for winter (sort of like packing on fat to hibernate) and still allow them to photosynthesize.

    I can’t wait for us to discuss this more in biology this year!

    Peyton Fox

    Hi Ms. Kemp, I would like to know if the tundra changing colors means anything in particular ? It's pretty cool that you get to do this over the summer! I hope you are having lots and lots of fun with the other scientists!

    Jasmin Nunez

    Hello Ms. Kemp I hope you are having a great summer. Since you went back after three years, what are some other changes that you have noticed about the tundra?

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Peyton,
    Olivia asked the same question and I answered her right above your question - just normal color changes. I am having fun with the scientists, but we are working very long days (and even on Saturdays and Sundays) and responding to everyone's comments is full time job on its own! See you soon!

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Jasmin,
    Not that much has changed since I was here last, just that I am here at a slightly different time of year so I am getting to see the beautiful tundra change colors, just like we see the leaves change in the fall in Chicago.

    Zora Beaty

    As you said climate research is a very collaborative science, I think I also work best working with others in the classroom. Do you believe the change of the color of the tundra will have any affect of the plant and animal species living in the Arctic?

    D'shya Daniels

    Other than the color of the tundra what else in Toolik changed?

    Nell Kemp

    Hi Zora,
    The color change is just a normal part of the life cycle of these plants - just like the leaves in Chicago change before winter. All of the plant/animal species go through their own seasonal shifts.

    Nell Kemp

    Hi D'shya,
    As the saying goes "the more things change, the more things stay the same." Life at Toolik was pretty similar to what it was like 3 years ago - a lot of the researchers were different, but they were all still working in the same manner and towards the same goals. One thing that didn't change - the amazing Toolik kitchen staff. The food at the field station is better than some of the best restaurants in Chicago!

    Zora Beaty

    Sorry Ms. Kemp, I meant to reword the question as, Do you think the color of tundra is changing earlier in the year than usual? If you do, won't it have effect on animal species in the food web and plant life then?

    Nell Kemp

    As far as I know, the changing colors are still happening at their normal time. If anything, as the arctic warms they would happen later, but that has happened yet.