On Monday, October 12, 2020, the German Research Vessel Polarstern sailed back into its homeport after completing a remarkable expedition to the Arctic Ocean. This day marked the end of the fieldwork portion of the 2019-2020 MOSAiC expedition in which hundreds of scientists from around the world spent a year in the Arctic gathering important climate datasets.
Now a Virtual
How can the ocean be colder than 0 degrees C, the temperature at which water freezes? As it turns out, the concentration of the particles (in this case, the ions from the salt) in ocean water lowers the temperature at which the saltwater will freeze. Students will learn how ocean water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater by