Submitted by Anonymous on Sat, 09/22/2007 - 10:56

Aloha Ms. Anderson!

Yesterday, being international sea ice day, my students and I went to your website to review your excellent adventure so far. We are all very amazed that you and the crew have been able to stick through the fire at sea and are still very focused on the research mission. My students have lots of questions and after screening out the duplicates, I offer them to you in the hopes that you will be able to get back to us and respond. The questions below are from all six of my classes. I have lots of students, so here are lots of questions.

How many girls are onboard ship with you? Are there any lead scientists who are women?

Do you get claustrophobic on the ship? What was your last crossing of the Drake Passage like? How big were the waves? Did you get sea sick?

When the fire happened, did you think you were going to die? How did you and the other scientists calm yourselves in the face of such a challenge? When the fire happened, were you in the middle of the Drake Passage? How big were the waves when the fire was happening?

What do the rescue boats look like? Could you take a picture and show us? How do the rescue boats (that you use when you would have to abandon ship) stay floating when you are in the big waves? Has anyone on the ship had to abandon ship in the Drake Passage and what did they do when they were in the rescue boats?

How cold is the water where you are right now? How many hours of sunlight do you have? Have you seen any icebergs roll over yet? Has any scientist onboard been on an iceberg when it rolled over?

Are you seeing any ice algae yet? Does the place you are researching have an algae bloom like the Bering Sea does? Are they the same kinds of algae, or different? What about the zooplankton, same or different in the Southern Ocean compared to the Bering Sea?

If you took a polar bear and put it in Antarctica, would it live or die? If there is a problem with the number of Polar bears, why not put them in Antarctica? Has anyone ever taken Arctic species and put them in the Antarctic? What has happened if they did?

Are any scientists tagging seals? What kinds of seals are in the area that you are watching the ice melt? Why is the crabeater seal called crabeater, if it doesn't eat crabs? How do scientists tell the difference between a northern elephant seal and a southen elephant seal? Are they different species or the same animal? Where do all the animals that live on Antarctica in the summer, go in the winter?

Can you fish from the boat? Do any of the scientists or crew fish for fun when they are off duty? What kinds of fish are in your area? Do any fishing boats go to where you are doing research and mess up what you are doing? Do you need a fishing license?

I hope everything is going well with you and the ship. My students and I feel there is a great similarity between what you are doing in the Southern Ocean now, and what I did in the Bering Sea in April and May. We will be watching your mission with GREAT interest.

Let us know if the scientists have any questions for us too! Thank you so much for all your hard work and dedication to science. You and the scientists and the crew all ROCK!!

Mrs. Prevenas and students

Janet Warburton

Aloha Mrs. Prevenas and students! These are great questions and I do hope Sarah will get a chance to answer them for you soon! They have had quite a time communicating from the ship. As you read in her journals, all the computer equipment was damaged in the fire and they had to rebuild the systems while in port. As a result, the servers that they rebuilt are having some set backs and we hear from Sarah and the team off and on.
If we don't hear from her soon, we are going to actually try and get a call to the ship and see if she can at least call in with an audio journal and answer questions that way. We are also hoping to hold at least one live event with them - I'm sure her family and students back home would love to hear her voice. In the meantime, keep posting and reading and waiting with the rest of us!
 
Thanks again for the great questions and following along!
Cheers, Janet

Sarah Anderson

Wow!! Thanks for all the great questions...I'm so happy that you are following along from Hawaii. I'm very happy to respond to all of your questions, and I hope you'll send more in the coming weeks. And I love "Science Ain't for Sissies"! It seems especially fitting since we had avery long day yesterday, including a midnight to 4:00 AM session on the ice!I'm going to send several responses to your post...I'll answer the easy ones first!
How many girls are onboard ship with you?Well, lets see...of the ship's crew there are 2. One of the Captain's mates and one of the people who prepare our meals are ladies. On the science support team there are 3(out of 12) , and on the science team there are 7 (out of 21).
Are there any lead scientists who are women?Yes! The chief scientist is male, but 2 of the other 5 lead scientists are women. There are a lot of women in oceanography and polar sciences.
Do you get claustrophobic on the ship?I have not been claustrophobic at all, though sometimes it would be nice to get off the ship and take a walk! The ship is pretty big - around the length of a football field, so there is plenty of space for the 70 or so of us aboard.
What was your last crossing of the Drake Passage like?The last crossing was quite a bit bumpier than the other two - a lot of people got at least a little bit seasick!
How big were the waves?I'm not exactly sure - it's hard to tell for sure, but swells were typically 10-20 feet with some bigger ones occasionally.
Did you get sea sick?Just a little bit on the last passage, but not nearly as bad as I thought I would be! There is a prescription medication you can get in the form of a patch you wear behind your ear that helps prevent seasickness.
When the fire happened, did you think you were going to die?Absolutely not!! The fire was contained to the lab area of the ship, and out muster station was 3 stories above that. We had our safety training a few days prior, so everyone was calm and knew just what to do. We each have a survival suit and life preserver and knew how to get into the life boat if needed, so there was no panic. We were certainly worried, but we could hear communications between the crew members managing and fighting the fire, so we knew it was under control quickly.
How did you and the other scientists calm yourselves in the face of such a challenge?Part of the reason we were calm is that we were sleepy! The fire happened around 3:00 AM...since we knew what to do and where to go things were pretty calm. And besides, scientists are probably a pretty calm bunch!
When the fire happened, were you in the middle of the Drake Passage?Yes, we were in the Drake Passage. It was on our first crossing.
How big were the waves when the fire was happening?Most of the waves were small and not really noticeable, but just before the fire there was one very large swell that some people think may have had something to do with the fire starting, though that is still a bit of a mystery. The fire was the result of an electrical problem in a labrefrigerator.
What do the rescue boats look like?They are a little hard to describe...they are enclosed and look a little bit like a big sausage! I'll see if I can get a picture of them posted on the web site so you can see.
Could you take a picture and show us?Sounds like a great idea!!
Well, there are the answers to a few of your questions...I'll send somemore answers later!
Aloha from Antarctica!Mrs. Anderson

Sarah Anderson

I hope you'll forgive me for taking so long to answer all your queestions!How cold is the water where you are right now?The water is warmer than the air...it has been a "warm" negative 1.8 degrees since we've been in the ice. We're in the middle of a really bad wind storm now, hurricane force winds and wind chill temperatures in the minus 40s!! I'd like some of your Hawaiian sunshine and warmth right now!
How many hours of sunlight do you have?The days are gradually lengthening...we are up to about 14 hours now. The quality of the light is different here, especially at sunrise and sunset. The colors of the ice and water change as the sun moves across the sky - lots of variations of white and blue.
Are any scientists tagging seals?Our animal expert, Brent, is not tagging seals this trip, though he has done that on past expeditions. He is surveying the areas we go through and recording the birds and mammals we see. He is just setting up his gear to record vocalizations of seals on the pack ice. He can't get too near the seals, but he can place a microphone in their vicinity and record their sounds. I'll tell you more about this later in my journal.
What kinds of seals are in the area that you are watching the ice melt?We just got to our drift station where we'll be for the next few weeks during the beginning of the ice melt. When we arrived I spotted a crabeater seal not too far from the boat, Brent thinks he saw a Ross seal not too far away also. Not much is known about Ross seals because they live in a limited area. Brent hopes to learn more about them on this trip.
Why is the crabeater seal called crabeater, if it doesn’t eat crabs?Crabeater seals eat mostly krill, a marine invertebrate that is similar to shrimp and other crustaceans. It is thought that the seal was named by a German explorer in the 1800s. The German word for crustaceans is "craben" - so it was called a craben-eater seal. This was later shortened to crabeater!
That's all for now...stay tuned for more answers to your questions!Mrs. Anderson

Sarah Anderson

More answers to your questions, this time from our ice biology expert Chris:Are you seeing any ice algae yet?Yes-lots of them staining the ice......
Does the place you are researching have an algae bloom like the Bering Sea does?Yes- this area is in the midst of an algal bloom. The bloom happens to be in the ice at the moment and later in the year the algal blooms will be active in the water column. The water column is rather barren at the moment.
Are they the same kinds of algae, or different?I don't know because I don't know what was in the Bering sea. We are seeing a lot of diatoms (Corethron and Rhizosolena) in the ice thus far. The Bering sea is often known for its coccolithophore blooms. The Southern Ocean does not typically have these types of blooms.
What about the zooplankton, same or different in the Southern Ocean compared to the Bering Sea?Again- don't know because I am not sure what was found in the Bering sea- but in general yes they are similar having herbivorous and carnivorous copepods, ostracods, planktonic polycheat worms, and Euphausids (krill).
Thanks for your help Chris!
Mrs. Anderson

Sarah Anderson

Here are some more answers to your questions...I think I have answered them all, but if not, please let me know. Also, Hawaii sounds like a pretty adventure-filled place to me...what are some exciting things in your world? Has anyone ever taken Arctic species and put them in the Antarctic? What has happened if they did? No, this has not happened according to Brent. Again, probably not a great idea to "relocate" species for various reasons. I think the penguins would be less friendly if there were more predators around!
How do scientists tell the difference between a northern elephant seal and a southen elephant seal? Are they different species or the same animal? The northern and southern elephant seals have the same genus, but are different species as you probably suspect. Brent says the southern seals are bigger and smellier than the northern ones! I have a book that says the males weigh as much as 4000 kg...that's a lot of seal! I've seen a colony of the northern ones in California, they are quite a site (and smell!)...
Mrs. Anderson

Sarah Anderson

You sent such interesting questions...here are some more answers...How do the rescue boats(that you use when you would have to abandon ship) stay floating when you are in the big waves?
The boats are enclosed, they look like a bit like an elongated top or perhaps a cork, and are designed to be very buoyant. They aren't that large inside, but in an emergency they'll do the trick! It would take several days for anyone in the lifeboats to be rescued since we are so farfrom anywhere...here's hoping that our journey continues to be a safe one!
Has anyone on the ship had to abandon ship in the Drake Passage and what did they do when they were in the rescue boats?
2nd Mate Rachelle told me that no one has had to use the Palmer's lifeboats. Remember that these ships are extremely safe and that the crew has extensive training in response to fire and other emergencies. Rachelle told me that during the year while in port they will launch the lifeboats and pilot them around the Punta Arenas harbor to make sure they still operate properly - that sounds like fun to me!
Have you seen any icebergs roll over yet?
We haven't seen any icebergs roll over yet, though there are a lot of icebergs in the area.
Has any scientist onboard been on an iceberg when it rolled over?
That's an interesting question! None of the scientists on board study glaciers and icebergs (scientists who do are called glaciologists), but even those who do wouldn't want to get too close to these very large floating chunks of ice as they can be very unpredictable (and dangerous)!
If you took a polar bear and put it in Antarctica, would it live or die?
A polar bear would probably do just fine down here, but the seal and penguin populations would be in trouble! Any time you introduce a non-native species (also called an alien species) into a new environment the balance of the food web shifts and all kinds of things can happen.There are numerous examples of introduced species causing extensive damage to ecosystems. As I remember, there are no snakes in Hawaii (correct me on that if I am wrong)...what do you think would happen if snakes were introduced?
If there is a problem with the number of Polar bears, why not put them in Antarctica?
We have certainly seen a problem with polar bears, but I'm not sure moving then here is the answer! (Though it certainly seems like a logical idea...). Remember that throughout Earth's history species have had to adapt to changing conditions, and that probably 99% of the species that ever existed on Earth no longer live here. I'm not saying that it's perfectly normal for the polar bears to be having problems with the diminishing ice cover, I'm just saying that these kinds of things have happened throughout Earth's history. The difference is that humans nowhave an impact on Earth's cycles...that's the thing we can change and hopefully do something about before it's too late.
Where do all the animals that live on Antarctica in the summer, go in the winter?
Some of them stay...but many of them head north. In our area they go to more northerly islands around the Antarctic peninsula or live on/around the peninsula itself.
Can you fish from the boat?
Captain Mike told me that you could fish from the boat, but that you'd need a really long line as the fish species that live here are found in deep water.
Do any of the scientists or crew fish for fun when they are off duty?
I bet they do at home, but not on the Palmer! "Fishing" for us is when Chris tows his plankton net behind the boat and collects marine invertebrates. He did "catch" a larval form of a fish species known as the ice fish. This fish has no red blood cells, and so no hemoglobin (theblood protein that carries oxygen to the tissues). Cold Antarctic waters are rich in oxygen, so this oxygen carrier is not necessary. Ice fish have clear blood and cream-colored gills.
What kinds of fish are in your area?
There are only a few species of fish around - the ice fish I mentioned above along with the Antarctic cod and a few other species. The fish here have interesting adaptations to the cold; one species lives under fast-ice (sea ice that is attached to land or an ice sheet. As you can imagine, it's pretty cold under the ice (in the vicinity of -2 degrees which is two degrees below the freezing point of fresh water)...how does the fish keep from freezing? These fish have glycoproteins ("sugar" proteins) in their blood and tissues that act as antifreeze! Cool!!
Do any fishing boats go to where you are doing research and mess up what you are doing?
No, there are no fishing vessels in our region. The fish populations are still pretty unknown around here. Fish haven't been exploited in the same way that whales and seals have been in this region.
Do you need a fishing license?No...but you'd be fishing a long time and need a very long line before you caught anything!
Great questions, still a couple more I'm doing research on!
Mrs. Anderson