The time has come to leave the comfortable and familiar life at McMurdo Base, and head for our remote field camp at WAIS Divide.

    The process of flying in Antarctica is so different from anywhere else I've been that it feels worth a post of its own.

    So here we go...

    Step 1: Fixed Wing Meeting

    Taking a flight inside of Antarctica begins with a meeting with your "Fixed Wing Coordinator." Planes in Antarctica are not called planes – they are called Fixed Wing Transport, because their wings don't move. They are fixed, you see... as opposed to Helicopters, which are "Rotary Winged," but mostly called Helos (pronounced Hee-lows).

    Kiwi Herc
    We will fly to WAIS on a Hercules LC-130, similar to the one arrived to Antarctica in, except this one will be ski-equipped and part of the US Air Force. Photo credit: Rachel Obbard

    On Wednesday, December 10, we had a meeting with our Fixed Wing Coordinator, in which she asked us our names and told us that we were scheduled to fly out on the weekend of December 20-21.

    We were expecting to reach WAIS Divide by December 15. We asked her to clarify.

    She did.

    They plan flights around the weekend that follows it, and as long as we fly within the week, we are considered "on schedule."

    Well that's reassuring!

    So she told us that Monday, December 15 was a possibility, and to get ready accordingly.

    Status: Completed December 10, 2014

    Step 2: Cargo

    If we were flying Monday, all of our Cargo had to be checked in 3 business days prior, so that gave us less than 24 hours.

    All day Thursday, the team packed boxes of science equipment and other field equipment that we would need for our time at WAIS Divide, but did not need to carry with us on our flight.

    This is classified as "Cargo" and gets shipped as space becomes available. It might go before us or on the same plane as us, hopefully arriving around the time we do.

    Once items are packed, labeled (including noting whether they are allowed to get frozen or not!), weighed, wrapped onto pallets, and recorded into "the system" using two sets of paperwork, they are taken away by forklift... only to be seen again once we get to WAIS.

    Packing cargo
    The Velvet Ice team packs science equipment into boxes large enough to fit our whole team!

    Cargo forklift
    Kara, the forklift operator, takes away our cargo boxes, once they are ready.

    It's a time-consuming and tedious affair, but once over, we accomplished, and officially prepared for the flight on Monday.

    We had 3 days now to do everything we needed to do at McMurdo, before heading out to WAIS.

    Status: Completed December 11, 2014

    Step 3: Bag Drag

    The night before your flight is scheduled to take off you do what is called the "Bag Drag." This is basically what it sounds like.

    We drag all of our bags, both check-ins and carry-on, plus all of our Extreme Cold Weather (ECW(abbreviation) Extreme Cold Weather clothing) gear that we are required to wear on flight, up(hill, both ways, in two feet of snow!) to Building 140. (I stay in Building 155.) All of our stuff, our gear, and even ourselves are weighed.

    Bag drag
    Waiting in line for Bag Drag. As you can see from our expressions, Bag Drag really is a drag.

    Although we are allowed to keep our carry-on and ECW(abbreviation) Extreme Cold Weather clothing until the flight takes off, we have to deposit our check-in luggage, so it can get palletized. This means that it gets loaded onto a big pallet and plastic wrapped into place, to be loaded into the middle of the LC-130.

    Our bag drag, scheduled for Monday, December 15th (yes, we were already delayed from the Fixed Wing Coordinator's prediction), was cancelled.

    Since there was a Congressional Delegation coming in on Tuesday, December 16, they did not even pretend that we might be prioritized that day.

    Bag Drag was rescheduled for Wednesday, December 17th. Luckily, when it finally arrived, it went off without a hitch.

    Status: Completed December 17, 2014

    Step 4: Checking The Manifest

    Once your check-in bags are gone, you cannot get them back. So until your flight takes off, you live with whatever you have in your carry-on bag. Hopefully, you were thinking ahead, and saved your toothbrush, some soap, clothes, and whatever else you'd need for another day... or week.

    Although you know that your flight is scheduled for the next day, you don't know what time until it gets posted.

    So we watch these big screens that are in the buildings to see if our flight pops up. It will either show up in one of three ways: with a flight time listed, as TBD, or as cancelled.

    Departure screen
    This screen, like those you see at airports, flash the arriving and departing flights. Ours is WSD018.

    Also, since flights from the previous day(s) may or may not have taken off, even if your flight is scheduled, you may or may not be on it. So we watch another screen for the "Manifest" or the passenger list, to see if our names appear.

    Manifest screen
    This is the list of passengers scheduled on our flight. Although the flight still has not departed, this list has already changed multiple times, to reflect shifting priorities!

    Status: It's complicated

    *Completed December 14; *Revoked December 15; *Unknown December 16; *Completed December 17; *Revoked December 18; *Revoked December 19; *Unknown December 20; *Unknown December 21;

    Step 5: Transport

    If your flight actually gets scheduled to take off on the day you expect and your name is among the passengers, you are given a reporting time. This is the time when you are to report back to Building 140 with your carry-on bags, wearing all of your ECW(abbreviation) Extreme Cold Weather clothing gear to get transported to the airfield for your flight.

    Transportation happens on Ivan The Terra Bus, and can take anywhere from 15 minutes to 1 hour, depending on which airfield you are supposed to leave from.

    Yamini with Ivan The Terra Bus
    Here I am in front of Ivan The Terra Bus, whose wheels are as tall as me! Photo credit: Rachel Obbard

    Our first Transport time, scheduled for December 18, was cancelled 30 minutes beforehand, once we had packed all of our stuff, cleaned our rooms, and were getting ready to strip our beds of linens.

    Our second Transport time, scheduled for December 22 at 7am was cancelled one hour beforehand.

    Status: Pending December 23 * Scheduled December 18 * Revoked December 18 * Scheduled December 22 * Revoked December 22 * Scheduled December 23

    Step 6: Airfield

    DISCLAIMER: From this point forward, the rest of this blog is based on hearsay. I have not yet actually experienced Steps 6 or beyond at the time of writing.

    From what I have heard...

    You get to the airfield, and board your aircraft. Then you wait...

    ... and wait,

    ... and wait some more.

    Maybe the plane will turn on.

    That makes it feel official. You might actually go somewhere then.

    Or, if you are on a flight like one of my roommates last week, you will be informed that the incoming flight that was supposed to land decided, when it was half an hour away from McMurdo, to turn around and go back to New Zealand because of high winds. Since that flight did not land, your flight cannot take off. Each plane needs to be replaced with another one, or they can't send it away. There always has to be one plane on the ground in Antarctica, in case of the need for an emergency Medical Evacuation.

    Airfield in the distance
    Off in the distance, you can just see the airfield along the horizon. That's how I know it's a real place.

    Status: Light at the end of the tunnel. I haven't gotten there, but I believe it exists.

    Step 7: Taking off

    If you are one of the lucky ones, your plane turns on and stays on, and you actually do take off.

    But don't get excited yet. It ain't over till it's over.

    Whether and where you land is a whole different story!

    Status: Pipe dreams

    Step 8: Landing

    If you run into rough weather conditions that prevent you from landing, you could either "boomerang" (turn back to where you came from) or "bounce" (go somewhere else entirely).

    Apparently, flights from the South Pole that can't make it all the way to McMurdo often "bounce" to WAIS Divide.

    If that's the case, you will be laid over there until your flight takes off. The airline will not give you hotel vouchers or meal vouchers, though! You might get a tent to sleep in and some leftovers, if you are lucky.

    Let's assume we are truly blessed, and our flight does actually land... in our desired location.

    Hooray!!

    We have arrived... but where's our stuff?

    Status: Uhhh...what?

    Step 9: Baggage Claim

    You attend an orientation session first. They tell you a bunch of stuff you need to know about living in camp. Sometime at the end of that, they tell you where to go and pick up your checked bags.

    You will have a very narrow window to make it there before they close. If you're lucky, this window will not coincide with your only opportunity to eat dinner.

    But hey, at least you have your luggage!

    That's not cargo, though...

    Status: One can hope, right?!

    Step 10: Cargo Claim

    Cargo – remember the stuff we checked in on Thursday, December 11, so that it would be in the system on time for our maybe-flight out on Monday, December 15?

    Cargo triwall
    Our box packed with science cargo.

    Yup, that stuff.

    If you're really really lucky, your cargo already arrived.

    However, if someone else was bumped off of their flight, and their cargo was bumped off of those flights, their stuff might be considered higher priority than your stuff.

    Your stuff might take another day or few days to arrive.

    This means, in our case, all of our sleeping bags, pillows, some of our luggage that we sent ahead of time, and our science gear is all still en route.

    I don't know what we'd sleep in if that were to happen...

    Igloos?!?!

    Status: I wish I went to Happy Camper!

    Love the uncertainty!

    So, the moral of this Antarctic story is: always prepare for the unpreparable.

    The weather, visibility, and flying conditions in Antarctica are so unique that travel within this continent is a gamble... at every stage of travel.

    It is not as simple as it is on commercial flights, where you have a flight with a scheduled time, and all of your stuff travels with you! If there is a delay or cancellation, chances are, your second attempt will be your final attempt. It's very unusual if not.

    Here, however, the name of the game is "Hurry Up and Wait." It is quintessential to the authentic Antarctic experience... and it's all part of the fun :)

    Update

    It is now December 24, 2014... our flight has just been cancelled for the third day in a row. We've just learned we'll be spending Christmas at McMurdo base. We are clinging to hope that we'll ring in the New Year at the WAIS Divide field camp!

    Comments

    Danny S.

    Have you made any discoveries that will give us more information about global warming for the future?

    Clare K

    How many passengers are able to fly on the Fixed Wing Transport? Does that affect how long the flight will take?

    Alec P

    I really like Ivan the terra bus that would be cool to ride in. Is the inside of the fixed wing coordinator like a commercial plan or is it different?

    Kayla

    Is it more common for a flight to land in its desired location or for it to boomerang/bounce?

    Sydney Burns

    How many layers of clothing are you wearing while in the ECW gear? Why is the ECW gear different from normal things you would wear in the cold?

    Ben S

    What types of scientific equipment did you have to bring?

    Caroline N

    What would higher priority cargo have to be to have common cargo bumped off?

    Zach F

    If landing in your desired area doesn't happen often, then is that the same for your luggage? If your luggage doesn't arrive in your desired area then where do you find it?

    Jeff L.

    Say your plane were to bounce to another area, which is said to happen often, where does your luggage go? Will you have it for your stay overnight for the place you have landed? or are you stuck without all of your supplies?

    Tyler

    What is the advantage to have the wings on the plane to be fixed? Also Does it look like a commercial airplane inside?

    Jacob

    Does the amount of people on the plane affect where your plane would boomerang to?

    Guest

    How has the climate and weather affected you personally?

    Guest

    How has the climate and weather affected you personally?

    Natalie M.

    Did all of your belongings make it on one plane, or did you and your team members have to split everything? Were there other members already at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet when you got there?

    Annika S.

    How do you insulate your living quarters and clothing to keep yourself warm?

    Yamini Bala

    Surprisingly, I haven't found it to be too bad. There have been a coupleof days where I'm really cold, but in general, it has been quite
    manageable, even pleasant, on some days! I definitely like the sunshine --
    being here now is much easier than being here during the Antarctic winter,
    when it's dark 24 hours a day, I imagine.

    One of the things I've learned here is that our bodies are really
    adaptable to changes in weather and climate. It does not take long for you
    to temporarily recalibrate to a new "normal." While 5F sounds like a cold
    day at home -- one of those days when school is cancelled and you don't do
    anything -- out here it can be very pleasant, especially if there is no
    wind or clouds, and the sun is shining bright!

    Yamini Bala

    Hi Tyler,Fixed wing is the term for a regular plane, rather than a helicopter.
    Planes are used around Antarctica to transport people and goods over
    longer distances, but require a relatively clear, flat, and large surface
    to land on. Helicopters are usually used to move fewer people over shorter
    distances, and can be used to "drop" goods -- crates of stuff are lowered
    with a cable down to the ground while the helicopter stays floating above
    -- in areas that are harder to access or less stable for landing.

    As for what they look like inside, check out our post from December 5, if
    you can -- you can see all the details of the Hercules LC-130 that we flew
    on to arrive in Antarctica!

    Thanks for your question!

    Yamini Bala

    Thanks, Alec! Ivan is pretty cool, although some people did complain aboutgetting carsick!

    The inside of the fixed wing transport we have used so far (Hercules
    LC-130) is NOTHING like a commercial plane! If you want to see some
    pictures, check out our blog from December 5th, called McMurdo or Bust!

    Yamini Bala

    Hi Sydney, The main parts of our ECW gear include a "Big Red" down jacket,thick snow pants, and "bunny" boots. (For more info and pictures of ECW,
    check out our post from December 4.) The gear is all very sturdy, warm,
    windproof, and water resistant. It's also very heavy -- those three
    articles of gear add between 10-15 pounds on you! -- and designed for
    extreme weather conditions.

    On a warm day, I might just wear one set of base layers beneath my ECW,
    but when it's colder, I layer up. This means 2 pairs of socks, a heavy
    base layer, and fleece pants on bottom, and a base layer, fleece jacket,
    down vest, and maybe even a lightweight down jacket on top, under Big Red.
    I usually wear two layers of gloves, two layers of hats, and a scarf or
    neck gaiter as well on cold or windy days.

    Thanks!

    Yamini Bala

    Good question, Caroline! Here is an example from this season at WAIS:fuel! The WAIS Divide field camp was running out of fuel for heat,
    cooking, operating machinery, and other vital functions. The more
    passengers and cargo that a plane carries, the more of its fuel that gets
    used up in flight due to the additional weight load. So on one flight, ALL
    the passengers got bumped off and the plane flew empty to WAIS Divide, so
    it could deliver much needed fuel for camp.

    Another example may be science equipment that a team needs, or provisions
    for a field camp (like food), which would take priority over personal
    cargo items like clothes and books. For example, one team brought a winch,
    which every other science team needed in order to do their research. So
    the winch guys and their cargo were prioritized over ours, even though we
    arrived first to McMurdo. If they hadn't gotten here on time, none of us
    would have been able to do our work!

    Whenever you put items into the cargo system, you are required to rate
    their priority -- 1, 2, or 3 -- in order of how urgently you need those
    items once you arrive in the field. We put our camping equipment and
    scientific instruments as Priority 1, but some extra tools, backpacks, and
    educational materials as 2nd priority, because we could live without them
    for a few days if it really came down to it.

    Hope this answers your question!

    Yamini Bala

    Hmm, that is a good question, Jacob. If a plane boomerangs, it goes backto where it started. It can do this as long as it has enough fuel to make
    the return journey. In this case, there isn't a question of where to go.

    In rare instances, the plane may "bounce" because it can neither arrive
    safely at its intended destination nor boomerang safely to its point of
    origin. When considering where to bounce, the number of people on board
    could be a consideration.

    The main concern would be the weight load of the plane. The more people,
    the more stuff they bring, and the more weight the plane is carrying. This
    is important because it burns more fuel. This could affect how far it is
    able to travel on a bounce, and whether it is able to boomerang. Heavy
    planes may not be able to safely land in some places, due to the
    conditions there (like mountainside field camps, or camps out on sea ice).
    Another concern would be whether the place they go can actually
    accommodate the influx of new people -- some of the smaller field camps
    probably could not handle too many extra people all at once.

    My understanding is that the flight team has a plan in case of emergency.
    There is a Point of No Return, after which boomeranging is not possible.
    And most likely, there is a designated site or set of sites that are
    available to bounce to, in case that becomes necessary. All these
    considerations, including the amount of people, fuel, weight load, etc,
    would be factored in when making this plan.

    Thanks!

    Yamini Bala

    Hi Josh, that is a good question, but the answer is that it depends.
    Your carry on bags, will obviously be with you on your flight, and, even
    though they are taken from you as the flight starts and strapped down in a
    pile in the middle of the plane, you could get immediate access to those
    bags if you bounce.

    Your check-in bags are generally on the same flight as well. However, they
    are palletized, meaning that they are stacked onto pallets, and plastic
    wrapped into a giant cube of luggage. If you bounce or boomerang, it can
    take up to 48 hours to receive this luggage back, once the cargo crew has
    offloaded and de-palletized it. Depending on how long you are delayed, you
    may or may not get this luggage back before you fly again.

    Any cargo that you put into the system is subject to a whole different
    transportation process, so it's really anyone's guess whether it would be
    on your plane or not. It may already be sitting at your field camp (like
    ours was), may be on your plane with you, or may still be at McMurdo,
    waiting for space on a flight!

    Yamini Bala

    Hi Natalie,Our whole team travelled together to WAIS Divide, although there were
    other science teams who had made it out before us. Luckily, all of our
    belongings traveled with us, and our cargo had already been shipped on a
    previous flight, so it was here when we arrived :)

    Yamini Bala

    The best way to insulate yourself with clothing is to wear lots of layers.Your body heat warms up the cold air between each layer, and the heat gets
    trapped around you, keeping you warm.

    Nature's way of insulating the body is with fat! Eating foods rich in
    healthy fats is another way to keep warm in the cold. This is an
    adaptation that many animals have evolved to survive in cold environments
    as well.

    To insulate your living quarters, you can build a snow wall to protect
    your tent from winds and snow drift, and you can orient your tent so that
    the winds blow around rather than directly into it.

    Thanks, Annika!

    Alex D.

    What are some of the things that you learned about the camps from the orientation session? What kind of equipment is required, and are there any special procedures you have to follow while living there?

    Raj Kumar

    After reading your post, Yamini, any time our commercial flights arrive is 'on time' arrival!! Enjoying your humorous posts. Thanks. Raj uncle.

    Ethan

    Hi Akka, we saw the penguins!!!

    Gwen

    This Antarctica experience through your posts and pictures is incredible!!!

    Yamini Bala

    Thanks, Raj Uncle! I remember hearing stories about Indian Airlines in the 70s, and now I understand what you all experienced!

    We were cancelled again this morning -- Dec 27th! Twelve days delayed
    and still waiting!

    Yamini Bala

    Hi Ethan! I'm so glad you saw them. Aren't they so cute? :)