We're about halfway through our quarantine here in Oslo before heading up to Svalbard.

    Statue of Johan Sverdrup
    The team exploring the city by foot, seen here in front of a statue of Johan Sverdrup, the first prime minister of Norway. (Not to be confused with Harald Sverdrup the famous oceanographer, who we thought would have been way cooler.)

    We're allowed to go outside for walks and runs, and we are super lucky to be staying right next to the beautiful Akerselva River which has a lovely walking path along its whole length. It has been an amazing place to run every day and it helps that the weather has been great. Here is a video with some shots of the river I strung together from today's run:

    I’ve been thinking about how green Oslo is. To be sure, the climate of this region probably makes it relatively easy, but the city has clearly made it a priority to preserve green spaces and to keep this green spaces accessible.

    Oslo Arboretum
    The team takes a rest from an afternoon stroll in the Oslo Arboretum

    Back home, I’m lucky to live in an area of Boston with ample access to green space. I run and bike along the city’s famed “Emerald Necklace” on a daily basis, and we live 15 minutes away from a large state park with miles and miles of hiking trails (The Blue Hills Reservation).

    ClimateThe average weather over a particular region of the Earth. Climate originates in recurring weather phenomenon that result from specific types of atmospheric circulation. change is foremost on my mind these days, and I’ve been thinking about how increased green space in cities can help mitigate some of the effects of climate change. For example, while cities in the US are sweltering right now, having tree-shaded parks can make a difference. For one thing, more trees can actually lower the temperature in cities - where there is what is called the “urban heat island effect” (concrete, asphalt and other materials heat up and retain heat more effectively than plants do). Trees not only provide shade and absorb light which would otherwise be absorbed by asphalt and concrete, but the process of trees transpiring will absorb heat as well (the physics is basically that as water evaporates off the leaves of trees, heat is absorbed from the surrounding area - in the same way that your body cools down as you sweat).

    Access to green space has also been documented to improve people’s mental health. This review article from the WHO summarizes the evidence well. The gist is that there are a range of psychological indicators (lowered stress, increased social connections, access to physical activity, among others) which are improved when people have access to parks or other green spaces in their lives. I’m sure it’s no accident that when people go for walks or runs we tend to gravitate towards tree-lined parks, rivers, lakes, etc. - we are probably psychologically hard-wired in some way to know that these places will bring us the most joy (or at least lower stress).

    Sculpture in the garden surrounding Oslo Royal Palace
    A whimsical sculpture on the grounds of the royal palace, which is another beautiful green park open to all.

    So, at the same time we should be doing all we can to prevent the worst effects of climate change by lowering our carbon emissions, advocating for more green spaces in our cities is another noncontroversial thing that we can do.

    Anyway, those are my thoughts on another lovely Oslo summer day.

    It looks like we will get our COVID tests on Saturday, meaning that quarantine will likely end by Sunday or Monday. Which should give us at least one day to fully play tourist before we head up to Svalbard on Tuesday.

    Akerselva River
    One of the beautiful scenes along the Akerselva River walking path.

    Maridalsvannet Lake
    During today’s run, I made it all the way up the Akerselva River to the Maridalsvannet Lake in the North of Oslo. This lake is the main water supply for the city.

    Graffiti-covered dumpster
    They try to keep things tidy here in Oslo, and I found my own personalized “Mr. G” dumpster along the Akerselva walking path!

    Author
    Date
    Location
    Oslo, Norway
    Weather Summary
    Sunny
    Temperature
    24°C (75°F)

    Comments

    Charlotte Pappas

    Hello Mr. Goldener,

    I liked learning about the green space observations you have seen during your quarantine in Oslo, Norway. From your post, the city of Oslo appears to be very green, and contains a lot of trees, grass, and other varieties of plants. Therefore, based on this information, I can infer that Oslo has put in a lot of effort in making sure that the green spaces and vegetation in their area is preserved and not damaged. Now, I am wondering what regulations and rules Oslo has in place to protect their green space, and also how they mange to keep their soil rich in nutrients, arid, and moist?
    In addition, how many different types of plant species do you estimate are in Oslo? I pondering about this because have read about how ecosystems with more variety among the organisms they contain are more likely to be overall healthy, and be able to supply their environment and the soil in it with abundant and sufficient amounts of nutrients, so I am curious to see if Oslo contains a great amount of diversity within its plant types, as this information can then be used to justify why Oslo's green spaces are so well preserved, as producing organisms like plants are an essential part in all ecosystems and making sure their soils sustain enough nutrients.

    Furthermore, I am also interested in the statement in this post that said, "more trees can actually lower the temperature in cities - where there is what is called the 'urban heat island effect.'" My interpretation of this statement is that if more cities contained greater amounts of green spaces, then it could actually help these areas stay cooler, and reduce some of the temperature affects that climate change offers. Moreover, I now think that the areas in the Northwest United States that experimented an extreme heat wave, such as Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, should maybe start to focus more on planting more trees and other plants in their cities, so that way, they would be able to help prevent another heat wave from raising their temperatures dangerously high.

    Finally, two last wonderings that I have based on this post are that approximately how many trees in every square meter of a city are needed to cool down the temperature of the area, and are there any other organisms that can cool down cities, such as other plants that absorb light? I am interested in these questions, because I want to interpret more of how cities can rely on a healthy ecosystem to have a cooler temperature, and also how the ecosystems in cities affect their surrounding environment.

    That is all of my wonderings and ideas for now.
    Charlotte

    Sofia Ugalde

    Good Day Mr. Goldner,
    An idea to this “Journal” is I agree very much with the thought that nature/green spaces brings positive reactions to the human body and the environment because actually I joined this extra school program and we are actually working on learning more about how to help stop climate change and I have come up with many good ways to help our environment.
    But that isn’t the only thing I agree with in this “Journal” I also agree that you are very lucky to live here on Boston because not only does it as well have many public green spaces it might also be one of the places with the least amount of pollution.

    A “THICK” question I have for you is if I want to help research more about climate change with experiments, what is a good way to experiment with climate change to get evidence?
    My last “THICK” question is if I want to spread and catch the attention of many people to the idea of the crisis called climate change what could be the most effective way?

    -Sofi Ugalde

    Mark Goldner

    Sofi, thanks for your very thoughtful comment. I really appreciate your comment about green space and I am glad you pushed me on this. You are absolutely right - green space is something that is not distributed equitably. People who live in wealthier areas have greater access to green space, and therefore will be able to withstand some of the effects of a warming climate more easily. This is an injustice that we should be working to correct.

    Your second question is a little hard to answer because climate change is really really broad. But there are ways that ordinary citizens can get involved with research by doing things like making observations about when certain types of plants go into bloom. One project that people can get involved with is called project budburst. In the fall we'll talk about ways that we might be able to do things like this in the science classroom.

    Your last question is super important. I think I would direct you to some amazing youth climate activists like Greta Thunberg or Alexandria Villasenor. They are speaking out in very clear ways, and leading other young people into action.