Data Analysis with Team Squirrel Using Excel

Overview

Students in cooperative teams will use a spreadsheet and graphing program such as Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel to graph and evaluate a large data set. The data sets provided come from authentic arctic ground squirrel research completed at Toolik Research station in arctic Alaska. The data sets were downloaded from body temperature loggers implanted into individual animals to better understand the physiology of hibernation. In this activity, student teams will generate graphs individually or in pairs. With graphs visible for interpretation, teams will compare and contrast male and female body temperature changes through the arctic year. Possible explanations for observations will be discussed within the group and as a class.

Objectives

• Students will practice graphing skills and data analysis with a large data set using graphing software.
• Students will generate graphs showing how arctic ground squirrels are adapted to the extreme cold and darkness of the arctic winter.
• Students will examine a sub-set of the annual data to understand how daily circadian rhythms play a role in summer behavior.
• Students will compare and contrast the characteristics of male vs. female hibernation behavior and develop hypotheses to explain differences.

Lesson Preparation

• This lesson fits well within a biology unit when discussing homeostasis, hibernation, or adapting to the environmental conditions of the earth’s biomes.
• Students should be familiar with the process of data collection from arctic ground squirrels from the PolarTREC archives including journals, and videos. These resources can be explored by beginning at the Arctic Ground Squirrel Studies Expedition Overview.
• Advance preparation time needed for this activity will depend on student and instructor familiarity with Google Sheets or Excel. If needed, Instructor can demonstrate the following procedure for selecting data, graphing, and then modifying the graph into a final product.

Student Procedure For Excel

1. Break into teams of four. Each member of your “squirrel team” will graph one of the data sets available online.
2. Choose an Excel File from the activity folder. This is your individual data set which you will graph and interpret.
3. Highlight the tab above the dependent and independent variables you wish to compare (Example: Date and Body Temperature)
4. With two columns highlighted, generate the graph using:
   Insert from the menu bar. Choose scatterplot using the line icon.
5. Go to Chart Tools and Layout. Give the chart a title, and label the x and y axes.
6. To better compare the data, add vertical and horizontal gridlines from the Layout menu.
7. If you want to change the chart type, go to the Chart Tools and Design tab. Select change chart type.
8. To better see the dates on the X axis, resize your graph to use the full page.
9. To adjust the dates shown in the X axis, Go to the Chart Tools and Layout. Select Axes, Primary Horizontal Axis, go to bottom of the tab to more primary horizontal axis options. Here you can select axis options, major units as 30 for days in a month, or as 7 for days in a week.
10. With graph visible on your screen, sketch a simple graph with x and y axes on your answer sheet. Be sure to show any noticeable characteristics and the timing.
11. With your group, discuss the notable characteristics of your graph. Explain these in a short descriptive paragraph citing specific data values and the dates when these changes occur. Record your answers on the answer sheet.
12. Compare the data set for a male squirrel and a female. What are the differences? What are the similarities? Compare the data set for a male squirrel and a female. What are the differences? What are the similarities? Record your answers.
13. During the month of August the data is tightly packed and difficult to interpret. To better understand what is happening during this time, Select the data for the month of August only and make a new graph.
14. Cut and paste the graph onto it’s own spreadsheet tab.
15. Modify the X axis so it is legible as was done previously in step 11 above.
16. Click and drag the corner to expand the X axis to better read the date.
17. Describe the August graph using example data. What is the body temperature of the squirrels before entering hibernation?
18. Examine the high points and low points of the graph. Is there any predictable pattern?
19. In the arctic summer there are 24 hours of daylight and no darkness. What are some of the possible cues that the squirrels could use to set their biological clocks? How might they know what time to be active and when to sleep?
20. The 24 hour cycle of activity shown in the graph is known as a circadian rhythm. Many arctic animals such as caribou and ptarmigan show no circadian rhythm for daily activity. Why might the circadian rhythm seen in ground squirrels be beneficial to them? How could this help their survival?

Extension

n/a

Resources

• Google “Sheet” Data Sets for graphing
  https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B-53MhEE53k1SmtHVXVOSUpNbDA&usp=sharing

• Andre Wille, 2014. Polar TREC Journals.

• Alicia Gillean, 2013. PolarTREC Journals.
• Cory T. Williams Website - Science Publications & Links to squirrel science sites.
• PBS NewsHour. How soil and squirrels offer cues on Alaska climate change..
• Charlie Heck, 2014. National Science Foundation. Live Science Video Series.
• Hibernation Phenomenon of Re-Warming Arctic Ground Squirrel with Infrared Camera
  

Assessment

• Completion of the graphs and the data analysis questions (included).
• Data based assessment questions from unit exam.
• Student course evaluations describing favorite course units.

Author / Credits

PolarTREC teacher Andre Wille
Aspen High School
awille [at] aspenk12.net

Files Include:

• Data Analysis with Team Squirrel-Procedure
• Data Analysis Questions
• Data Files: 2203_Female, 2236_Male, 2245_Female, 2873_Male